In Maslow's hierarchy, what are considered lower-order needs?

Lower-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs are primarily focused on basic human survival and safety. These include physiological needs, such as food, water, warmth, and rest, which are fundamental for human existence. Safety needs follow and encompass physical safety, financial security, health, and well-being. These needs must be satisfied before individuals can focus on higher-order needs related to social relationships, esteem, and ultimately self-actualization.

By prioritizing these lower-order needs, Maslow emphasizes that individuals are motivated to fulfill these before progressing to more complex emotional and psychological needs. Meeting these foundational requirements is critical because they are essential for an individual's overall health and stability. After lower-order needs are addressed, individuals can then seek to fulfill higher-order needs, which promote personal growth, social connections, and self-fulfillment.