Which type of influence is based on special skills or knowledge?

The correct answer is based on the concept of expert power, which is a form of influence that arises from an individual's specialized knowledge, skills, or expertise in a particular area. When a person possesses unique knowledge that others do not, they can exert influence over decisions, actions, or opinions in that domain.

Expert power is derived from an individual's competence and capability to perform or advise on matters where they have greater insight or understanding than their peers. For example, a software engineer with advanced programming skills may have expert power during discussions about technology-related projects, making team members more likely to seek their input and follow their recommendations.

In contrast, other types of power mentioned do not stem from specific expertise. Legitimate power is based on a person's formal position within an organization, granting them authority to make decisions. Personal power refers more broadly to a person's charisma or the relationships they forge, which can influence others. Referent power is the influence one has due to being well-liked or admired, rather than for their expertise or knowledge.